Which of the following prohibits test records from being disclosed without the written consent of the student?

The Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA) is the correct answer because it specifically addresses the confidentiality of student education records, including test records. Under FERPA, educational institutions are required to obtain written consent from students before disclosing any personally identifiable information from their educational records, which encompasses test scores and other evaluations. This foundational law underscores the importance of protecting student privacy rights and ensuring that students have control over their own educational information.

The Higher Education Act primarily focuses on federal financial aid programs and may touch on educational practices but does not specifically target the confidentiality and privacy of student records in the detail provided by FERPA. The Privacy Act, while related to the protection of personal information, is generally more concerned with federal agency records and does not specifically address educational records. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) focuses on ensuring that students with disabilities receive a free appropriate public education and includes provisions for confidentiality, but it is not primarily designed to protect test records for all students in the same comprehensive way as FERPA.